Minimum Wage And Labor Unions - 1841 Words

Abstract Minimum wage often hurts people it is intended to protect from the increase. There are many research papers that will show exactly how the minimum wage affects both the employer and the employee. The employer then has to take action when there is legislation that passes a higher minimum wage rate. I am against minimum wage for many reasons that I will explain in my essay. Labor unions can be viewed as unjust and immoral because of the actions they choose to take against their employers and employees. Labor unions seem to help their employees on the outside but in the long run, end up preventing them from doing things individually. There are many other industries that have high paying wages without being in a union. I am†¦show more content†¦They do not have the experience or education to start off at a higher wage so most employers will not give them a chance. The employer wants to pay a worker for what they believe is what they deserve. Normally, a person has to work and get experience to become more productive. A more productive worker will then get raises and make what they are worth. People need to work so they can survive and if they are less educated and less skilled they will be willing to work for whatever they can get. According to Paul McCormick and Walter Brock, â€Å"An adverse effect of the minimum wage which is especia lly harmful to teenagers in the fact that the minimum wage eliminates the chance of teenagers taking certain low-wage jobs, gaining experience and eventually obtaining better careers in the future† (McComick, Brock, 2000). The poor are also affected by the higher minimum wage. When the minimum wage is increased many low-skilled workers will lose their jobs causing them to become unemployed. Because the minimum wage is raised the price on products will go up causing another hardship on the poor. The businesses will find a way to pay the higher wages to workers so they will have to raise the price of their products and services. â€Å"A 1997 National Bureau of Economic Research study estimated that the federal minimum-wage hike of 1996 and 1997 actually increased the number of poor families by 4.5 percent†Show MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Laws And Labor Unions905 Words   |  4 PagesFair Labor Standards Act was created to establish a minimum federal wage to serve as a standard wage to reduce poverty and to secure economic growth is shared across the workforce. Today minimum wage is far below its historical levels and loses its value every year due to inflation. The minimum wage workforces are l iving close to poverty levels, and insist on the government raising the minimum wage. Sometimes the fight to raise the pay for workers goes unnoticed or unheard, so a labor union is formedRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages Minimum wage requires paying every employee a specific wage regardless of the employee productivity. It is the responsibility of the government to set the minimum wage. To understand this, a biology analogy can be used: some animals are stronger compared to others. In economic perspective, some people are relatively unable to deliver compared to others. Among them include, disabled, unskilled, and the youth. Due to their low productivity, they are entitled lower wages corresponding to their effortsRead MoreMinimum Wage : Low Skilled And Young Workers1553 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Minimum wage, a program created to help the poor, has every contrary effect to its well intentions. Throughout the history, people who hurt the most during minimum wage hikes are the low-skilled and young workers. Drastically raising minimum wage is meaningless as high inflation usually comes alongside with wage increases. Past economic statistics have shown that the rate of increase in inflation usually outpaced the rate of increase in minimum wage. Thus, the real value wage workers receiveRead MoreThe Laws Of The United States1631 Words   |  7 Pagesthose that do, significant effects have been witnessed. Right-to-work legislation allows workers to collect the benefits of any union agreements within their company, but can choose to forego paying fees. Also, the employees in the states with right-to work provisions can join labor unions if they wish to do so without being forced by their employers to join a union as a requirement for employment. This paper will attempt to detail the history of right-to-work laws, explain current issues, forecastRead MoreUnion Dues And Initiation Fee1406 Words   |  6 Pages Unions had a place in the business environment at one point in this nation’s history. Unions helped get workers medical insurance, increased wages, and many other benefits. So what place do unions have in our current business economy? According to Larry Keller, â€Å"Union dues and initiation fees. Dues can range from $200 to several hundred dollars per year, partially offsetting higher wages.† This carries an extra burden for the American worker. Even though the unions push for higher wages, the frontRead MoreState and Federal Systems of Government Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesState and Federal Systems of Government MGT434 May 29, 2006 State and Federal Systems of Government Labor and employment laws define US workers rights and protect s employees from employers retaliation for exercising our rights under the laws or reporting violations to the proper authorities. As Bennett and Hartman explain, these laws Â…seek to make the power relationship between employer and employee one that is fair and equitable (Employment Law for Business, pg. 88). Employers haveRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the minimum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies onRead MoreHistory of the Flsa Essay982 Word s   |  4 PagesHistory of the Fair Labor Standards Act Abstract After the great depression, unions were legalized in order to be the voice for the workers for whom they represented to their employers. Once this legalization became evident through federal statute, set the stage for what was to become the Fair Labor Standards Act. Having just survived a depression, the United States was hoping to avoid any future economic downturns, the government would accomplish this with paying higher wages that the employerRead MoreThe Role Of Unions And Their Importance Has Changed Over The Years1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of unions and their importance has changed over the years. A mixture of poor wages, high unemployment, non-existent benefits and insignificant professional stability amongst the more youthful era makes a ready demographic for restoration. The younger era is the slightest unionized section of our general public today by a long shot. Unions are important in today’s society because checks and balances are necessary entities in business and government, so if CEOs are just focusing on themselvesRead MoreThe Impact Of National Relations Labor Act ( Nlra ) And The Fair Labor Standards Act1181 Words   |  5 PagesLabor Legislation in the 20th Century Much of what we know about the improvements in the workforce came from 20th century advancements with the workforce that we know today. Important developments came in the form of methodology and data collection efforts. The 20th century was a remarkable period for the American workers. Despite the initial stages of labor management, working conditions, wages and benefits improved over the last century with the workforce increasing six fold over the

Codes of Ethics are the Most Effective Method of...

Documentations that state significant philosophical principles and make clear the values depicted within an organisation are known as ethical codes. For these codes to be considered effective they are required to be able to define the responsibilities of an organisation to stakeholders, the conduct expected of employees (Kaptein Wempe, 2002) and articulate the ethical parameters of the organization as to what is acceptable and what is not (Stevens, 1994). While behaviour of course, refers to the ethical behaviour of individuals in organizations. Employee behaviours are purposely designed to be affected by codes, regardless of the extent of the script. As much as codes are used to enhance social responsibility and explain the norms and†¦show more content†¦93). This strongly suggests that codes can guide or induce behaviours, seeing that codes are not designed for ‘bad’ people, but for those who endeavour to act ethically. The bad person will not often follow a code, while most people welcome ethical guidance in difficult or unclear situations. The average person is not seeking to do the wrong thing but often tempted, and sometimes confused, by what appears to be an honest path. Conversely no code, no matter how severely enforced will truly make bad people good (Gilman, 2005). However, ethical codes can have a demonstrable impact on the behaviour of bad people in organizations. Brass developed a â€Å"social network model of unethical behaviour.† One of the organization’s factors influencing behaviour includes codes of conduct, which â€Å". . . can significantly decrease the prevalence of unethical behaviour in organizational contexts† (Brass et al, 1998, p. 15). When everyone clearly knows the ethical standards of an organization they are more likely to recognize wrongdoing; and do something about it. Wrongdoers are often cautious to commit an unethical act if they believe that everyone else around them knows it is wrong. And, finally corrupt individuals believe that they are more likely to get caught in environments that emphasize ethical behaviour (Gilman, 2005). As these scholars have noted, behaviours canShow MoreRelatedEthics And Prevention Of Financial Fraud1988 Words   |  8 Pages The Defining Ethics and Prevention of Financial Fraud in the Work Place Ta’Nishia Johnson Savannah State University Abstract This research primarily focuses on ways of preventing financial fraud in the work place as well as defining the proper ethics to follow. It elaborates on the ways to deter fraud and what ethics should be taught during training for the job given to an employee. In order to understand the best way to stop people from committing fraud, we must learn what stipulationsRead MoreFinancial and Banking Institutions6081 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿Financial and Banking Institutions Abstract Ethics are regarded as principles guiding organizational internal conduct as well as the organizations relationship with clients, partners as well as shareholders. On the same note, core values are often summarized in the mission statement or in the companys statement of core values. In line with this, banks are required to have an ethical base and business decisions should not take place within the framework of anything goes. As a general principleRead MoreLiterature Review on Business Ethics6430 Words   |  26 Pages Business Ethics: A Literature Review Abstract A review of the current literature regarding business ethics was conducted analyzing scholarly peer-reviewed articles about business ethics and their relation to leadership, managerial decision making, corporate social responsibility and overall corporate structure. Increased corporate scandals and the discovery of a rise in unethical business practices have thrown the topic of business ethics into the spotlight. Organizations are expectedRead MoreEthics As A Component Of Corporate Culture2548 Words   |  11 PagesBusinesses that pursue to inspire an ethical conduct can do so by using their corporate culture. â€Å"All organizations have some sort of culture.† (Ferrell, et al. p.182). Ethics as a component of corporate culture provides insight into the framework of an organization and create highly visible standards that comply with the larger values of society. In this sense, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of an organization’s culture, Ferrell and colleag ues define the term corporate culture as, â€Å"theRead MoreChracteristics of Effective School Principals2545 Words   |  11 PagesCharacteristics of Effective School Principals Lokman Mohd Tahir; Hamdan Said Faculty of Education Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johore. Hamidon A. Rahman Institut Aminuddin Baki, 69000, Sri Layang, Genting Highlands Abstract Researchers in the area of principalship have concluded that schools are effectively good as their principals. Despite some influential work of the effective schools research, Malaysians school principals are urged by the our former Directors General of EducationRead MoreChracteristics of Effective School Principals2552 Words   |  11 PagesCharacteristics of Effective School Principals Lokman Mohd Tahir; Hamdan Said Faculty of Education Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johore. Hamidon A. Rahman Institut Aminuddin Baki, 69000, Sri Layang, Genting Highlands Abstract Researchers in the area of princip alship have concluded that schools are effectively good as their principals. Despite some influential work of the effective schools research, Malaysians school principals are urged by the our former Directors General of EducationRead MoreGoods Dominated Logic in Marketing2899 Words   |  12 Pageshours, information and other ‘exchangeable’ units. Whereas recently, literature has proposed the concept of a Service Dominated (SD) logic where the customer and the firm are involved in co-creating value-in-use, rather than value-in-exchange, within a service system (Vargo et al 2008). In this SD logic Vargo amp; Lausch (2004) suggest that a business’ offering of a value is merely a proposition for the customer to realise at point of use, and until this point what is being offered is only potentiallyRead MoreBusi 561 Legal Issues in Business7036 Words   |  29 Pagescompany that operates a number of cheesecake and wine restaurants. Originally founded in New York City, RAPIDS has since expanded to include international locations. RAPIDS was formed as a subchapter S corporation. The company abides by the highest ethical principles and ensures that all employees maintain these high standards. RAPIDS’s policies are all based on Christian principles. The company relies on a corps of legally-astute managers that use their understanding of the law to successfully guideRead MoreLeadership Portrayed in the Movie Twelve O’ Clock High3317 Words   |  14 Pagesineffective combat unit. Throughout the movie we observe Peck’s character employing a variety of leadership methods, but ultimately discovering that true combat effectiveness and cohesion is accomplished through a transformational leadership style. While the movie illustrates these leadership theories practiced by General Savage, these theories are not all inclusive and fail to explain the behavior of General Savage during the movie. Specifically, transactional leadership is inherently limited comparedRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesAutomation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media M anager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and

I Prefer to Live in Big Cities Than in Small Towns Free Essays

I Prefer to Live in Big Cities than in Small-towns In English, there is a well-known fairy story about a poor country boy, Dick Whittington, who goes to London because he believes that the streets of that city are â€Å"paved with gold†. The story is a tale of â€Å"from rags to riches†. Dick eventually becomes the Lord Mayor of London. We will write a custom essay sample on I Prefer to Live in Big Cities Than in Small Towns or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like the hero of that story, I love to take adventure in the cities. I grew up in a small town and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. Cities contain a great assortment of people. Whenever I walk around a shopping precinct at midday on a weekend, I am fascinated by all the different types of people hurrying around the shops. Sometimes, I just sit on a public bench and simply watch the variegated streams of shoppers. Today, in the age of globe-trotting transport and communications, city life is more mixed than it has ever been. Capital cities are not cosmopolitan, and eager to attract foreign trade currency. There is a contemporary English joke which tells that â€Å"you can never find an Englishman in London†. The United States is made up of people of different races, religions, abilities, and interests. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in a smaller town. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like me would quickly become boring. Whether rightly or wrongly, I love the excitement of big cities. Small towns have a slow pace. Large cities mean you have to adapt to a variety of situations, like finding a new route to work or trying a new restaurant. I enjoy that challenge very much. Another pan of the excitement of city living is the variety of cultural activities available. There is a wide assortment of theatre, music and dance performances available in big cities. These things are rare in small ones. Governments and local authorities usually build public amenities in the big cities. Money is invested in transport, libraries, parks and museums. Often, countries will compete with each other for the best â€Å"show-case† building. Malaysia has built a skyscraper that is taller than is anything in New York. In large countries, region will compete against region: New York against Chicago, Shanghai against Hong Kong and Beijing. All of this is good for the citizen. The magic of the Dick Whittington story is rekindled in me when I enter a library in a magnificent building. If a person is at university studying art or music, a large city usually offers galleries and public performances. Even when I was a teenager, I appreciated the worth of living in a city because two or three times a year there was a rock concert by one of my favorite bands. There is one thing I want to talk is small-towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transportation. In a small town, you have to own a car to ensure a comfortable living. You can’t get around without one because there isn’t any kind of public transportation. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transportation. It’s not free, but it’s often cheaper than driving when you consider gas and time. Especially if you don’t have a car, you’re better off in the city. And of course, security is a concern, and that’s one area where small towns are superior to big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more cautious and live in a large city than to feel secure but bored. How to cite I Prefer to Live in Big Cities Than in Small Towns, Papers

Dissenting opinions should be abolished UK Essay Example For Students

Dissenting opinions should be abolished UK Essay Caroline Vernet Leduc e 1002041842 Ecole de droit de la sorbonne Universit? © Paris 1 (Panth? ©on Sorbonne) Master 2 Recherche Mention droit compar? © droit anglo-am? ©ricain des affaires Ann? ©e universitaire 2013-2014 1st Semester Sources et techniques en droit anglais Ruth Sefton-Green The Dialogue of English Justice Mid term assignment Subject 2: Dissenting opinions should be abolished from English Judicial practice. Discuss. The English Judiciary tradition consists in Judgements built on a serie of each Judges opinionl . The one of the majority of the court on a legal issue with regard to facts nd the explanation of its reasoning is drawn up as the court Judgment. 2 A dissenting opinion is a minority opinion expressed by one Judge or Jointly by several judges who disagree with the decision reached by the majority in the case. 3Thus, there may be dissenting opinions only when there are several Judges in a court and when their opinions are revealed to the public. Also, an opinion can differ from the majority because of its conclusion and its reasoning or its reasoning only. Most of the countries with a continental system exludes separate opinions. On the other hand, issenting opinions are a familiar feature of Judicial process of most Common Law systems. Hence, one can wonder if dissenting opinions should be abolished from 1 . The Influence of the dissenting opinions on the impact of English decisions In both the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal, dissenting opinions came from the conference between Judges before the decision had been taken. In the debate, the different opinions fought with specific legal arguments. Unanimity is rare, nuances are welcome and oppositions are allowed. The advantage of dissenting opinions is that they gave force to rationality by showing the quality of the legal ebates on the basis of transparency during the process of decision-making. From this point of view, they do not weaken the decision but make it stronger as they are the proofs that the Judges decision is built on a confrontation of ideas, legal concepts and deep reflexions. According to Justice Jesse W. Carter4, if the majority is perfectly right, the dissenting opinions make his position even clearer. Thus, the publication of a dissenting opinion may highlight the legal debate between Judges. 5 Plus, it is difficult to deny that law is not an exact science. Hence, you cannot prove your nswer6 it must be constantly tested by reason. Dissenting opinions challenge law by testing it. Therefore, despite the fact that a dissenting opinion cannot change the result of a case where it is made, it may salvage for tomorrow the principle that was sacrificied or forgotten today. However, Judgements are followed because they are authorities in England as a Common Law country, and not because people admire their reasoning. Then, a decision taken by a majority which can be short can hardly impose his authority when certain members of the Jurisdiction show their opposition y expressing a dissent with a strong legal argumentation. The risk is particularly important in a case of sharing of votes when the decision had been taken only thanks to the vote of one or two Judge. Also, the authority and the prestige of English courts of last and intermediate ressort may be downgraded if too many dissenting opinions contradict or attack each other. Then, particularly concerning criminal appeals, the court should not look divided as it deals with an English citizens liberty. 9 Indeed, as Bloom-Cooper and Drewry10 declared, the punishment from the Criminal division of he Court of Appeal itself may be more difficult to accept with a dissent without binding effect. Also, one may wonder if Judges have to conciliate different answers or add different opinions. Everyone who participates to the elaboration of a Judicial decision and has an opinion about it also have the assumption that there is also something valuable in the others opinion. Judges should look for a consensus. Nobody can deny that the Judge has the duty to fight for his opinions and has also a duty to the parties and the public. However, by allowing the dissenting opinions, each udge may content with his first view about the case instead of searching a consensus which would be as right as possible according to all the Judges of the bench. Thus, dissenting opinions may strenghten or not the authority of the English courts depending of the way Judges dissent. 2. Dissenting opinions and credibility of the courts Judge Learned Hand of the United States Federal Court of Appeal said that dissents collegiality. ll Indeed, in their debates the Judges can differ in their opinion concerning the law applicable to the facts and should be obliged to come to a unified conclusion. Indeed, after a majority has reached a conclusion, it becomes the opinion of the Court, and the debate should be closed. Alexander the Great EssayAs we admitted that dissenting opinions have an interest such as improving the reflexion and developing the law, therefore, there is a risk that some interesting ideas for the case or for future cases would be missed. Another option would be limiting the possibility to write dissenting opinions only when the case raises important legal questions or may be controversy. In these cases, Judges have to find a fair balance having in mind the public interest. Hence, the publication of dissents may be important as the aim of the decision and he decision itself have to be evaluated by the Judges themselves. On the other hand, Mr. Justice Brandeis24 circulated dissenting drafts but withdrawn them when he thought the majority opinion was unlikely to cause real harm. 25Therefore, it would be a good alternative to the current system if Judges could limit themselves by publishing dissenting opinions only when they are really useful. Dissenting opinions are admissible in some Common Law countries because they are linked to the system in which courts function when exercising their Jurisdiction and English Judges have a main role in the legislative process26 The continental European Judges consider themselves as public officials instead of the real expositor of the law with independence against other organs of administrations. In the English courts, the function of the Judge is not merely to apply a abstract rule to facts, but to formulate rules which he may apply and give their opinion on troublesome points of law27 as their rulings will then become precedents for future cases. Therefore, the question cannot be about abolishing dissenting opinions. However, Judgements given y a weak majority have not the same weight that the ones given by a unanimous court. Therefore, dissenting opinions should be discouraged in a way that if unanimity can be obtained without great sacrifice of conviction, Judges should choose to build a solid conclusion with a unanimous decision to muster a single coherent binding rule. 8 Yet, unanimity obtained at the cost of strong conflicting views is not desirable as one characteristic which guaranty the credibility of the English Courts is the independence of Judges. Hence, within these limits, dissent is not only a right but hould be regarded as a duty29, despite the idea that the practice of dissenting should be used strategically in a way Judges would limit themselves30 Words count: content without footnotes and bibliography: 1999 Bibliography Cases Free City of Danzig and International Labour Organization, Advisory Opinion, 1930 P . C. I. J. (ser. B) NO. 18 (1926) Marburryv Madison, I cranch 137, at 177 (US 1803) Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust Company, 157 U. S. 429 , 608 Judgment of 15 June 1962, ICJ, the Hague Other sources Alder, J Dissents in Courts of Last Resort, Tragic Choices , 2000, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies vol 20 Ancel, J-P, Les opinions dissidentes, 2005, Cycle de conf? ©rences annuelles sur les m? ©thodes de Jugement Ginsburg, RB The 20th annual Leo Barry Eizenstat Memorial Lecture: The role of dissenting opinions 2007 Blom-Cooper, LJ and Drewry, G Final Appeal: a Study to the House of Lords in its Judicial Capacity 1972 Oxford Clarendon Press Carter , JW Dissenting opinions 4 Hastings L], 1953 Douglas, WO The Dissent: A Safeguard of Democracy 32 Journal of the American Judicature Society, 1948 Georgin,J Les opinions dissidentes dans les Juridictions : Note introductive, 2003, centre d? ©tudes Jacques Georgin C. E. G Hand, BL The Bill of Rights 1958, Harvard University Press Hart, HLA The concept of Law (2nd edition, Clarendon Press) (A supreme tribunal has the last word in saying what the law is and, when it has said it. ) Heydon, JD Threats to Judicial indepedence:the enemy within 2013, Law quaterly Review Hirt, WE In the Matter of Dissents Inter Judices de lure, 1960, Pennsylvania Bar Association Quarterly Laffranque,J Dissenting opinion and Judicial independence, Juridica International VIII, 2003 Luchaire, F and Vedel, G La transposition des opinions dissidentes en France est-elle souhaitable? , 2000, Cahiers du Conseil constitutionnel no 8 Mashall,J Dissenting Opinions, 1937, Law Posner, RA How Judges Think, 2008, Harvard University Press Stager, W Dissenting Opinions. Their Purpose and Results , 1925, Virginia Law Review Blacks Law Dictionary, Standard Ninth Edition Walbolt, SH and Zimmerman, SC l must dissent. Why Florida Bar Journal, 2008, p35 Wood, DP When to Hold, When to Fold, and When to Reshuffle: The Art of Decisionmaking on a Multi-Member Court, 2012, California Law Review